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- *****************
- * *
- * HDL_ANT *
- * version 2.1 *
- * *
- *****************
-
- copyright 1994,1995,1996 Paul Wade N1BWT
-
- Version 2.1 with option for the metric-impaired
- -> fixes roundoff error problem with Version 2.0.
-
- Any licensed radio amateur may use this program without
- charge; all other persons must send $73 to the
- ARRL Foundation, 225 Main St., Newington, CT 06111
-
- HDL_ANT does the calculations needed to successfully implement
- several microwave antennas: horns, parabolic dishes, and
- metal-plate lenses. It also does the calculations involved in
- setting up an antenna range for antenna gain measurement. More
- detailed explanations of the antennas and measurements may be
- found in the series of QEX articles entitled 'Practical Microwave
- Antennas,' in the September, October, and November 1994 issues.
-
- An additional article, 'More on Parabolic Dish Antennas,' in the
- December 1995 issue of QEX, gave the descriptions for Offset
- dishes, Penny feeds, and the use of sun noise to measure antenna
- performance and receiver noise figure.
-
- All dimensions are in millimeters, since one mm. is about the
- accuracy required for antennas to work well at 10 GHz.
- However, there is an option for dimensions in inches, for the
- metric-impaired.
-
- MENU CHOICES:
-
- H
-
- For horn antennas, HDL_ANT will design an 'optimum' horn with
- a specified gain (between 10 and 25 dB) for any frequency - use
- menu entry 'H' for this option. It will then create a PostScript
- template file which may be used to print a paper template for
- horn construction. The paper template is attached to a sheet of
- copper or brass which is cut and folded on the template lines,
- then soldered together and soldered to a waveguide.
-
- See menu entry 'P' for more details on printing a PostScript file.
-
- E
-
- Menu entry 'E' is used to calculate the gain and other parameters
- for an existing horn - perhaps one you found at a hamfest. It
- can also create a template, to duplicate a horn known to have
- good dimensions.
-
- D
-
- Parabolic dish calculations are under menu entry 'D'. The most
- important dish dimension is the focal length, and the easiest way
- to find it is to measure the depth of the dish in the center,
- measured from a straightedge across the rim of the dish. HDL_ANT
- then calculates the focal length and f/D ratio, to allow
- selection of the best feed antenna - see the QEX series for
- details on feedhorn selection. For smaller dishes, HDL_ANT can
- also generate a PostScript template file; the printed template
- is used to check the accuracy of the parabolic curve of the dish.
- If it is not a good fit, sometimes a template for a slightly
- larger or smaller f/D ratio gives a better fit, since dishes
- sometimes have a flat area or large hole in the center which
- yields a misleading depth measurement.
-
- L
-
- Menu entry 'L' is used to design metal-plate lens antennas.
- These are normally fed by a horn; if an appropriate horn is not
- already available, then the 'H' entry may be used to design the
- horn. It may take a few trials to find a good combination of
- horn and lens. Note that the 'optimum' horns designed under the
- 'H' entry of the HDL_ANT program do not usually have the matched
- E-plane and H-plane phase centers needed for good lens
- performance; some adjustment of horn dimensions can improve the
- phase center matching. The lens design does not create templates
- since the lens curves are all simple circles which can be drawn
- more accurately with a compass.
-
- R
-
- Antenna range design is selected by menu entry 'R'. HDL_ANT
- calculates the minimum length and measurement height required for
- a specified maximum antenna aperture, and then calculates the
- height of the source antenna needed to have the RF field peak at
- the measurement height.
-
- C
-
- If a noise figure meter is used to measure antenna gain as
- described in the November 1994 QEX article, then it is necessary
- to convert noise figure readings into antenna gain.
- Menu entry 'C' makes these calculations.
-
- P
-
- Menu entry 'P' is a short explanation of how to print PostScript
- files.
-
- I
-
- Menu entry 'I' is this summary of information about HDL_ANT.
-
- U
-
- Menu entry 'U' allows you to select dimensions in either
- millimeters or inches. HDL_ANT defaults to millimeters.
-
- O
-
- Menu entry 'O' is a new feature for version 2.0 which does
- calculations for oval-shaped offset-fed parabolic reflectors.
- This routine uses a curve-fitting algorithm to find the focal
- point and tilt angle for aiming the dish. Required input data
- are the dimensions of the large and small axis of the oval, and
- the depth and location of the deepest point in the reflector,
- measured along a straightedge placed across the rim on the large
- axis.
-
- For offset reflectors that are not oval shaped, please read my
- article in QEX, December, 1995 on offset dishes for suggestions.
-
- There is an option to design a rectangular feedhorn as descibed
- in Menu entry 'F'.
-
- F
-
- Menu entry 'F' is a new feature for version 2.0 which will
- design a rectangular feedhorn for a dish with a specified f/D
- using a straightline approximation to the G3RPE curves. The
- approximation is accurate to about 2% for f/D < 0.8, and about
- 6% for larger f/D. It will then create a PostScript
- template file which may be used to print a paper template for
- horn construction as described for Menu Entry 'H'.
-
- The feedhorn dimensions generated by the approximation do not
- necessarily have equal E- and H-plane phase centers, so you may
- need to adjust the axial length of the horn to find a length that
- matches the phase centers to within 0.1 wavelengths without
- reporting any errors in the phase center routines.
-
- Also, the feedhorn dimensions assume a reflector which has
- symmetrical illumination angles in both planes. For reflectors
- requiring assymetrical illumination, run this option once for each
- illumination angle ( or equivalent f/D ), note the dimensions,
- and adjust the horn dimensions to use the appropriate one in each
- plane. Make sure the E-plane matches the normal polarization,
- i.e., E-plane horizontal for horizontal polarization, or E-plane
- vertical for vertical polarization.
-
- N
-
- Menu entry 'N' is a new feature for version 2.0 which calculates
- receiver noise figure by comparing noise received from
- cold sky and warm ground.
-
- : Q
-
- 'Q' for Quit ends the program.
-
-
- The source file, HDLANT21.CPP, was compiled using Borland C++
- version 4.0. Any part of it may be modified or used as part
- of another program by any amateur radio operator, provided
- that credit is given and provided there is no charge for
- its use.
-
- Send problems, suggestions, and comments to Paul Wade, N1BWT.
- Expect support commensurate with the cost of the program!
-